Visual impairment covers the disorders that occur as a result of the inability to focus the image in the retina, due to refractive errors in the eye. These problems can generally be resolved with the use of glasses, contact lenses, laser techniques and surgical methods.

The refraction of light coming from different distances in the eye and the normal fulfillment of the focusing functions of the image on the retina is called emmetropia. Visual disturbances occur in case of any problem in this process.

Refractive errors in the eye manifest themselves as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia. These situations can be singular or mixed.

In this article, we will list the most common eye conditions impairing vision.

1. Myopia (Nearsightedness)

Myopia, which is one of the most common eye disorders, is defined as the problem of seeing far away. People with myopia see distant objects blurry. The main factor causing this situation is the inability of the image to fully focus on the retina.

The symptoms of myopia briefly:

• Blurred vision of distant objects,
• Squinting eyes,
• Head and eye pain caused by eye strain,
• Distorted vision while driving, especially at night (night myopia),
• Difficulty reading road signs.

Nearsighted people do not experience problems in close-vision activities such as reading books and using computers. However, not being able to see far can make it difficult for you to carry out your daily activities. Do not neglect to consult an ophthalmologist if the above symptoms occur. Myopia is a problem that can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses and laser therapy.

2. Hyperopia (Farsightedness)

Hyperopia is an eye defect that occurs as a result of focusing the rays coming into the eye behind the retina. While hypermetropic can see far away, they cannot see near objects. Hyperopia is not a disease, it is a defect in refracting the light coming into the eye.

• The symptoms of hyperopia briefly:
• Blurred vision of close objects
• Squint
• Eye fatigue, redness of the eyes
• Lazy eye
• Redness on the eyelid margins
• Having trouble with focusing eyes
• The feeling of tension in the eyes
• Severe eye and headache
• Blurred vision at night
• Frequent blinking

We can list the things that can cause hyperopia as follows:

• Congenital corneal flatness sometimes causes hyperopia.
• Among the advanced types of diabetes, hyperopia occurs.
• It may occur as a result of bleeding, leakage, obstructions and abnormal vascular formations that impair the nutrition of the retina by holding the vascular structure.
• Pupil size less than 23 millimeters

Hyperopia problems may not cause any complaints in some patients. It may even be discovered by chance during the examination of the ophthalmologist for a different problem.

Hyperopia is a disorder that can be eliminated with glasses, lenses and lasers. You should not neglect to seek help from a specialist to improve your quality of life.

3. Astigmatism

Astigmatism is a very common eye disorder that causes objects to not be seen clearly and properly. Blurred vision at far and near, light sensitivity, difficulty reading in low-light conditions, headache and eye strain are among the symptoms of astigmatism in adults.

Astigmatism is caused by the deformity of the transparent layer in the front of the eye, namely the cornea. Astigmatism occurs due to the irregular curving of the normally round cornea in an elliptical manner.

Here are some of the symptoms of astigmatism:

• Visual snow
• Excessive gliding of the eyes
• Eye pain
• Squinting to see clearly
• Blurred vision
• Double vision
• Headache
• Eyestrain after prolonged reading or focusing on something

Astigmatism can be corrected in various ways today. The most classic method in the treatment of astigmatism is glasses. Glasses treatment for astigmatism is the only option for children younger than 15. Contact lenses can be used after the age of 15. Contact lenses are produced for astigmatism up to specific numbers.

Corneal surgeries such as LASIK, EPI LASIK, SMILE, LASEK, and PRK performed with laser therapy in adults are the applications used in treating astigmatism.

4. Cataracts

Cataracts, which is one of the most common disorders with aging, is a disease that results in the formation of blurry parts on the lens, which does not contain nerves and vessels, loss of transparency, and brown and yellow discolorations, resulting in decreased vision.

The lens, which is transparent under normal conditions, transmits light to the back of the eye, allowing the sense of sight to work clearly. However, if part of the lens becomes cloudy, the light cannot penetrate enough and vision is affected. In untreated cases, the blurred areas enlarge and increase in number.

In cataract disease, there is no pain or similar situation, except for vision difficulties.

The most effective treatment method for cataracts is surgical intervention, namely cataract surgery. If you think that the problems you experience due to cataracts do not affect your quality of life, you may not need treatment.

You can use glasses to cope with the discomfort seen in early-stage cataracts. Increasing the amount of lighting in your place can also relax you.